Bessie Liu

Decentralized Physical Infrastructure (DePIN) project MapMetrics will leave the Solana ecosystem and migrate to peaq, a layer-1 solution designed specifically for DePIN and Machine real-world assets (RWAs).



MapMetrics is a drive-to-earn project that rewards users with tokens and NFTs for providing anonymous live traffic and map data. Similar to DePIN project <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/solana-depin-projects-with-real-world-utility">Hivemapper</a>, the team hopes to create a decentralized global map using Web3 technology.&nbsp;



Read more: <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/drive-to-earn-app-dynamic-maps-crypto-rewards">‘Drive-to-earn’ app aims to bootstrap ‘dynamic maps’ with crypto rewards</a>



Brent van der Heiden, co-founder at MapMetrics, told Blockworks that the decision was made as peaq offered a variety of modular DePin functionality.



“Peaq ID, a decentralized multi-chain machine identity, enables the network to prioritize real machines in times of high load,” Heiden said. “The Modular Functions, such as the DePIN data verification framework, will also help us further expand our DePIN&#8217;s own features.”



Additionally, Heiden notes there are a handful of potential synergies in the wider peaq ecosystem, including with other DePINs and its enterprise partners, which may enable the team to secure new partnerships to build out demand for the project.&nbsp;



“Peaq&#8217;s community includes thousands of DePIN enthusiasts, which will help us grow, and the Machine Composability that comes with using the same identity standard across the ecosystem will help us tap into the pool of devices already on peaq,” Heiden said.



The transition process will be completed over multiple phases, beginning with smart contract deployments on peaq, followed by moving core business logic over to the layer-1. Afterwards, native token minting will also be available on peaq, and a bridging option will be available to existing holders.&nbsp;



Despite MapMetric’s decision to leave the Solana ecosystem, the blockchain remains a popular home for many DePIN projects today. 



Read more: <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/solana-depin-projects-with-real-world-utility">DePin projects have gained momentum on Solana blockchain</a>



Natix, another DePIN mapping project, <a href="https://twitter.com/NATIXNetwork/status/1783533073000288341">revealed today</a> that it will be launching its native token on the Solana blockchain, while continuing to collaborate with the peaq network.



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MapMetrics ditches Solana blockchain for peaq

Decentralized Physical Infrastructure (DePIN) is utilizing blockchain technology to enable users to take ownership of their data.



Tokens incentivize users to provide services in the real world using physical infrastructure and systems. A popular example of a DePIN project today is Helium, a decentralized wireless network.



According to Scott Sigel, the chief operating officer of the Helium Foundation, anybody can buy a helium-compatible gateway — which is similar to a traditional WiFi hotspot in everyday homes — and install it around their properties or in commercial spaces.



Read more: <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/helium-cell-plan-goes-nationwide">Unlimited Helium Mobile cell plan goes nationwide for $20 a month</a>



Once installed, these hotspots will enable community members to access wireless coverage in their neighborhoods or general vicinity. Those who provide the hotspot themselves will also be rewarded with tokens that they can cash out.



“The economics of building out an IoT network has been historically difficult, and a lot of centralized providers have gone bankrupt in the process,” Sigel said.&nbsp;



Sigel explains that Helium started 10 years ago and quickly realized that it was extremely expensive, from a centralized point of view, to maintain the cost of real estate and install networks while building out its IoT network.&nbsp;



“This is something that is the core to DePIN, which is how do you coordinate work in the physical world, and leverage a community to create physical infrastructure?” he said.&nbsp;



In 2019, Helium launched its decentralized wireless network and quickly grew its coverage worldwide. According to the Helium Explorer, there are <a href="https://explorer.helium.com/stats">currently</a> 392,090 hotspots around the world.



Read more: <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/helium-miami-tmobile-hotspots-network-cellular">Helium hotspots go live in bid to turn Miami network profitable</a>



Sigel notes that cellular users, regardless of which network they use, are at the mercy of large telecommunications companies who determine where coverage will be deployed. With Helium, individuals and small businesses have agency to resolve the issue.&nbsp;



“My favorite example is — there’s a company in Portugal where Helium IoT coverage is very dense, and they were in talks with the city of Porto about doing early flood detection, the fact they were able to build businesses and provide a solution to the city, completely relying on the coverage that was built by the helium community and people in Porto, speaks to the success of the business running entirely on community hosted infrastructure,” Sigel said.



Helium currently runs on the <a href="https://blockworks.co/tag/solana">Solana</a> blockchain, a decision Sigel noted was made due to the network&#8217;s performant nature, which could handle high throughput and the large developer ecosystem.



Read more: <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/helium-token-holders-approve-switch-to-solana-blockchain">Helium token holders approve switch to Solana blockchain</a>



“The speed performance of Solana, coupled with their principles around intuitive frontend, were just some of the things that overlapped and made sense for us. This is something that ran through a community vote,” he said.



Apart from Helium, another DePIN project being built on Solana and is gaining interest is Hivemapper, which wants to reshape the mapping industry completely.&nbsp;



According to Gabe Nelson, the head of operations and marketing at Hivemapper, the company&#8217;s founder and CEO, Ariel Seidman, had worked in the maps industry for over 20 years. During this time, a large problem that Seidman was hoping to resolve was to look into ways to create maps in a cost-effective, scalable way.



The current process of mapping roads requires street view vehicles with sensors to drive around each and every street, which is both labor and capital-intensive, creating an enormous barrier to entry into the mapping market.



“Crypto tokens were a way to align the incentives of a big community to build something collectively and bootstrap it to the scale that it needs to reach to compete with existing infrastructure incumbents,” Nelson said. “I’m not aware of any other financial system that would offer this kind of functionality.”



According to the <a href="https://hivemapper.com/explorer">Hivemapper Explorer,</a> there are currently over 130,000 contributors across 3,253 regions. Over 11,231,955 kilometers have been mapped, marking around 19% of the total globe so far.



Updated April 25, 2024 at 12 pm ET: Clarified to emphasize that Helium is a decentralized wireless network, not a decentralized cellular network. 



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DePin projects have gained momentum on Solana blockchain

Macauley Peterson

German conglomerate Bosch, a major player in sensor manufacturing, has multiple Web3 initiatives underway. The latest is a small device capable of generating data on real world conditions such as weather, light and noise pollution, and seismic activity.



Connected to Web3 rails, it’s part of a growing segment of crypto known as Decentralized physical infrastructure networks (<a href="https://blockworks.co/tag/depin">DePIN</a>).



The new device, known as Bosch XDK110 Rapid Prototyping Kit, is a smart sensor that allows users to earn crypto rewards by providing data, without involving a centralized intermediary.



Each device is outfitted with a unique digital identity that enables it to interact with <a href="https://blockworks.co/tag/peaq">peaq</a>, whose &#8220;krest&#8221; network is running on Polkadot &#8220;canary network&#8221; <a href="https://blockworks.co/price/ksm">Kusama</a>. Peaq has secured a full <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/polkadot-rethinks-parachain-auctions">Polkadot parachain</a> lease, which is not yet in use.



A third partner, Fetch.ai, provides autonomous AI agents that can optimize the devices&#8217; activity to maximize owner rewards, the companies say. Fetch’s DeltaV marketplace enables data consumers to connect with a network of decentralized suppliers.



Bosch is “not really focused on one blockchain or on one decentralized marketplace,” Peter Busch, product owner of the company’s distributed ledger technologies mobility team, told Blockworks.



“So in terms of data sovereignty, privacy, security, what we can accomplish with these decentralized technologies — self-sovereign identity — is really that we are using [our personal data] in a more anonymous way.”



The trio of companies showcased a proof-of-concept at a recent hackathon at the University of Applied Sciences in Saarbruecken, Germany.



Fetch has been working with Bosch for quite a while, aiming to create privacy preserving data sharing around the use of AI agents, as part of MoveID, a publicly funded project led by Bosch, which has similar goals.



“One of the key aspects is to enable self-sovereign identities in vehicles and in mobility infrastructure,” Maria Minaricova, Fetch’s business development lead, told Blockworks.



“You give the machines identity, and they can operate autonomously,” she said.



Read more: <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/drive-to-earn-app-dynamic-maps-crypto-rewards">‘Drive-to-earn’ app aims to bootstrap ‘dynamic maps’ with crypto rewards</a>



Taking control of privacy and monetizing user-generated data is one of the chief narratives around Web3 technologies, generally. And the EU is making a large push in this area, Busch said, even as the role of crypto is politically fraught.



“We are looking for alternative technologies apart from the classic cloud technologies from Google and Amazon,” he said. “They are in [the car] already and they take more and more parts of the car, and this is quite a dangerous situation.”



“Together with peaq, for example, we have a use-case where you can show how the car interacts with the charging [point] in a decentralized way,” Busch said, while preserving the privacy of the driver’s data.



Token incentives bootstrap the deployment of such devices and services — Helium’s wireless mobile data is one notable example.



Read more: <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/helium-cell-plan-goes-nationwide">Unlimited Helium Mobile cell plan goes nationwide for $20 a month</a>



Payments can settle on different blockchains — not only on Fetch.ai, a Cosmos-based blockchain, but also peaq, on Polkadot, and even, to existing Web2 systems, through the use of APIs.



Updated Dec. 7, 2023 at 9:13 am ET: Clarified that while peaq has a Polkadot parachain, it&#8217;s not currently in use.



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Bosch DePIN device lets you share data and earn crypto

Max Thake

It’s funny, and even a little bit annoying, how a stale tech cliche can make a comeback. Just a few years ago, the mantra “data is the new oil” could give you a headache. It carried the weight of the endless strategic meetings, overly-enthusiastic sales calls and pitches, millions pumped into “data transformation” — a concept as alluring as it was vague.&nbsp;



And yet, here we are: The Big Data market is blooming, expected to blow up to more than <a href="https://www.digitaljournal.com/pr/news/imarc/explosive-growth-projected-in-the-global-big-data-market-cagr-of-14-9-expected-for-2023-2028">$624 billion</a> by 2028. From <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/barrycollins/2023/07/01/reddit-and-twitter-the-new-giants-of-anti-social-media/">walled-off APIs</a> to the <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2023/5/18/23729216/twitter-microsoft-api-data-sharing-elon-musk-satya-nadella">Musk-Microsoft</a> spat and Stack Overflow’s release of <a href="https://venturebeat.com/ai/stack-overflow-jumps-into-the-generative-ai-world-with-overflow-ai/">Overflow AI</a>, a lot of the things that make the buzz in the tech world come down to one theme: data, and all the intricacies around it. Come ChatGPT and its AI kin, and the elden prophecy suddenly begins to make sense.&nbsp;



Turns out data is the new oil after all — but who’s holding the drill? Thanks to the most exciting development in years, going by the least exciting acronym in years – DePIN, the answer is you.



The DePIN model enables us to take ownership of our data and earn from it, or opt out of selling it if we so choose. It makes people stakeholders and players in the data market, not just data points to be harvested. In a sense, it takes drilling away from centralized giants and hands everyone their own personal oil rig, which is a lot fairer and more compliant.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Our robot overlords demand your seventh-grade essay</h2>



Maybe it wasn’t your best writing, but yes, SkynetGPT still wants a read. How else would it know how to impersonate a seventh-grader? And while we’re at it, it also wants to scrape every marketing blog out there, take a very close look at the latest financial forecasts, and check up on any copyright-free novels. Not that it understands anything (yet), mind you. For SkynetGPT, all these texts are nothing but data, which it processes to train itself to approximate human writing.&nbsp;



Data is the fuel powering the engine of machine learning, which produces both advanced generative AIs like ChatGPT and StableDiffusion and simpler models. And, as any fuel, it first has to be extracted and processed. Where from? Well… More often than not, from the lived human experience. Social media and forum posts, publicly-accessible texts and image archives, platforms for artists and other creatives — that’s where you drill if you need to train an AI. And those rigs better be pumping non-stop, cause you’ll need troves and troves. To put things into context, Stable Diffusion was trained on <a href="https://waxy.org/2022/08/exploring-12-million-of-the-images-used-to-train-stable-diffusions-image-generator/">2.3 billion images</a>, which is a hefty amount.&nbsp;



Almost a decade ago, Google was forced to shelf an <a href="https://www.wired.com/story/google-glass-reasonable-expectation-of-privacy/">AR glasses project</a> due to privacy outcry — where is the same outcry over Apple Vision Pro? We’ve grown used to Big Tech privacy intrusions, and the age of AI will put them on steroids. Your Reddit posts, your Instagram pictures, your Artstation displays — everything will work as the fuel for the AI engine.



And it’s not stopping there.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Data makes the world go round</h2>



The truth is, the rise of generative AI didn’t magically turn data into new oil — it has been that all along. ChatGPT and other generative models are stealing the show, but data also fuels a ton of other services we are using every day, from GPS navigation, which use live traffic data to find routes with the least amount of traffic, to weather services, which obviously want to know the latest temperatures, humidity, etc, in any given city or region.



By the same account, more and more devices we use every day work as data harvesters. Take the seemingly innocent fitness trackers — their makers usually deny they sell your data without your permission, but have you really read the terms of conditions on the app when signing up? Because that data is lucrative, and they could in fact <a href="https://www.kaspersky.com/resource-center/preemptive-safety/fitness-tracker-privacy">be selling</a> yours. The same goes for smartphones, smart home devices, office tech and more. The more devices we use, the more data gets captured and, often, sold off to third parties, without us getting a dime or even knowing about it in the first place.



Read more from our opinion section: <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/web3-regular-people-adoption" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Web3 is for regular people, too</a>



But as we are nearing the always-connected dystopia brimming with sensors recording everything, there is a better, more democratic way of doing things. It’s called DePIN, short for Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks,&nbsp; and they are the engines powering the data markets of tomorrow in a more equitable way.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">Everybody gets a drill</h2>



DePINs use tokens to incentivize people and businesses to direct physical infrastructure — i.e. devices, vehicles, or machines of any kind — to provide real-world services and earn. 5G networks, weather data, car sharing, street mapping, pollution monitoring and so much more — all on the blockchain, all peer-to-peer, all crowdfunded, crowdsourced, crowdowned.&nbsp;



Under the logic of today’s user data monetization, which Shoshana Zuboff aptly called Surveillance Capitalism, a human life is an oil deposit for Big Tech to harvest. DePINs turn this model upside down, enabling anybody to set up their own rig and opt to sell their data, properly anonymized.&nbsp;



From heath tracker data to insights gathered from AI-powered cameras or weather data from across the globe, the DePIN model can deliver any sort of data. It has already <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/drive-to-earn-app-dynamic-maps-crypto-rewards" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">proven its ability to scale</a> at a pace far beyond the capabilities of tech giants and deploy fast anywhere and everywhere in the world. So while the AI models that will power anything from mobility to weather prediction will require a lot of data, DePINs will surely deliver. DePINs aren’t just solving the problem at the end-user level, they’re replacing the whole system.&nbsp;



So what, let’s get drillin’?



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<div class="wp-block-post-author-biography">Max Thake is an entrepreneur, writer, and co-founder of peaq, a blockchain network powering the Economy of Things, and EoT Labs, a software development and incubation organization supporting open-source projects focused on the Economy of Things. peaq empowers people to manage and earn from vehicles and devices as they provide goods and services to people and other machines. Max has built multiple organizations, teams and brands during his years in the blockchain space. He operates at the intersection between the humanities and sciences and enjoys explaining technological complexity in simple terms and using it to solve problems.</div>


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Don’t give your life to Big Tech for free

Hardware and chip technology provider ARM Research and Web3 platform IoTeX have brought confidential computing of encrypted data to IoTeX’s DePIN stack.



DePIN, short for decentralized physical infrastructure networks, is designed so that contributors can build out decentralized infrastructure for any individual or company to use in return for financial compensation.&nbsp;



The latest functionality to join the DePIN stack will be confidential computing, allowing developers to compute encrypted data. This new framework is written in Rust.



Dr. Xinxin Fan, IoTeX co-founder and head of blockchain, told Blockworks that confidential computing is a hardware-backed security and privacy enhancing technology designed specifically for protecting data as it’s in use.



This means that a computation system will be able to derive knowledge from encrypted data without ever revealing what the information inside is. Although there are similarities between confidential computing and <a href="https://blockworks.co/tag/zero-knowledge-proof">zero-knowledge proofs</a>, Fan notes that there are differences.&nbsp;



“Zero-knowledge technology roots its security in mathematics, whereas confidential computing relies on specific security features of hardware,” Fan said, adding that he believes confidential computing is “much more efficient” than zk proofs.&nbsp;



Read more: <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/a16z-zkrollup-proof-system">Zero-knowledge proof systems have room for improvement, say cryptography researchers</a>



IoTeX’s indoor security camera, Ucam, will be the first physical proof of concept for this collaboration. Ucam users will not need to expose their private home information to manufacturers.&nbsp;



This is a step towards both personal privacy and privacy on a larger scale, IoTeX explained in a <a href="https://iotex.io/blog/iotex-collaborates-with-arm-research/">blog post.</a> Individuals no longer need to give unencrypted data to manufacturers or cloud service providers. Organizations, on the other hand, will be able to collect insights without exposing the private information of their clients through trusted node servers.



Using Ucams as an example, security providers will be able to share insights on home invasions with a security firm without having to show the security firm the actual images of their client&#8217;s homes, IoTeX said.&nbsp;



Read more: <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/drive-to-earn-app-dynamic-maps-crypto-rewards">‘Drive-to-earn’ app aims to bootstrap ‘dynamic maps’ with crypto rewards</a>



Another example of this would be Web3 health app Healthblocks. The company has licensed private fitness data and sent them to health researchers for analysis through private computing. This means that these researchers will be able to anonymously analyze data without knowing which client this information belongs to.



“This industry recognized Arm PSA certification establishes a solid security foundation for bringing smart devices to Web3 in a trustworthy manner, further revolutionizing the decentralized IoT industry and giving IoTeX a bigger lead within the Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePIN),” Fan said. “It will also significantly challenge the corporations currently monopolizing the industry, such as Amazon, Google and Microsoft, to mention a few.”



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IoTeX launches confidential computing hardware stack

In the trendy area of Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePIN), a recently launched smartphone app proposes to bootstrap the creation of &#8220;dynamic maps&#8221; through token incentives.



Even though its proposed blockchain-based token economy is months away from launch, the app has already met with early success, mapping 1 million kilometers in about 2.5 months. That’s a faster pace than <a href="https://blockworks.co/news/where-are-the-web3-apps" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Hivemapper</a>, a hardware dashcam and app that competes with Google Street View using token incentives, the company says.



Hivemapper and <a href="https://blockworks.co/tag/helium" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Helium</a> are two sources of inspiration for Natix — the company behind the app — as it moves towards a crypto business model, CEO and co-founder Alireza Ghods told Blockworks.



“I come from the autonomous driving industry [where] mapping or maps are super important,”  Ghods said. “For me and you, maps are a representation of the real world. For autonomous objects, it&#8217;s their world, that&#8217;s how they operate.”



A future where autonomous agents navigate the real world takes data — lots of it.



Hamburg, Germany-based Natix has been around since 2020 building a privacy-focused computer vision platform for smartphones. But it closed a $3.5 million <a href="https://www.natix.network/blog/natix-network-raised-3-5-million-seed-round-for-development" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">seed round</a> in April in a pivot towards crypto as a means to kick-start growth of its app, called Drive&amp; — yes with the ampersand — which has launched on both Android and iOS.



So far the company has logged about 10,000 registered users, and reports around 4,000 weekly active users, a rate of growth which Ghods attributes to its smartphone strategy, leveraging hardware that users already have rather than requiring special devices.



“It’s a supercomputer you have in your pocket” and “a sensor hotel,” he said.



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">A token economy to scale</h2>



Unlike apps that record video or images, Drive&amp; imagery never leaves the users’ devices, allaying privacy concerns. Instead, it’s processed in situ, and converted to anonymized data — that’s why it’s called “<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_computing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">edge computing</a>.”



Natix takes the data and converts it into maps which can provide valuable information on meatspace such as road congestion, crowd size, and available parking spots.



“Dynamic maps enable a new era of smart city and smart mobility applications ranging from crowd management to autonomous driving,” the project’s <a href="https://docs.natix.network/whitepaper/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">white paper</a> notes.



But unlocking that value requires scaling the data pool massively.



“You need a certain critical mass before you can monetize these networks,” Ghods said, “you cannot just monetize one driver, but a few hundred drivers per city — that&#8217;s where the story gets interesting.”



This is why the idea of creating a token economy makes sense, according to Leonard Dorloechter, co-founder of Peaq, which is providing the blockchain infrastructure for the planned Natix Network.



“We&#8217;re building a layer-1 specifically for DePIN providing a decentralized backend that has the functionalities which are commonly needed,” Dorloechter told Blockworks.



That includes modules for things like decentralized identity, data storage, access control and payments.



Peaq won a Polkadot parachain auction <a href="https://www.peaq.network/blog/peaq-gears-up-for-mainnet-launch-with-polkadot-auction-win" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">on July 13</a> which will give it a two-year lease beginning at the end of this month.



DePIN is a new buzzword for a concept also known as Proof of Physical Work (PoPw) and popularized by Multicoin Capital <a href="https://multicoin.capital/2022/04/05/proof-of-physical-work/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">in April 2022</a>.



“DePIN is the Frodo Baggins of crypto,” Peaq <a href="https://www.peaq.network/blog/what-are-decentralized-physical-infrastructure-networks-depin" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">wrote</a> in a February blog. “Unassuming, even endearing at first glance. But with it comes the potential to unite Web3&#8217;s most promising fields; IoT/EoT, energy, telecoms, mobility, behind one term.”



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">A ‘Web 2.5’ play</h2>



The Natix approach today is, admittedly, not using crypto, but Ghods sees that as a necessary phase to onboarding users, some of whom eventually will participate in a true Web3 economy, be active in a governance DAO, and so on.



“Do you think we&#8217;re going to onboard the next couple of billion users by giving them the same experience that we’re giving [now] — with downloading wallets and looking at transaction hashes and things?” Ghods asked.



&#8220;They don&#8217;t care about blockchain — it&#8217;s just another technology — but what they do care about is their life being easier or some utility added for them, or added value for them,&#8221; he said.



The app starts off with a points system, where the rewards are redeemable for discounts on consumer electronics. They are not transferable or exchangeable on independent marketplaces.



“If you&#8217;re asking me to connect my MetaMask and I don&#8217;t have a MetaMask, and I&#8217;m an Uber driver…you lose that guy as a user,” Ghods said.



But that’s just a stepping stone.



“We do have a chance to educate you on what crypto is, and I think if you do this right, then we have a chance to onboard you into even creating a wallet,” he said.



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